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标题：【备考】研究生考试二外法语备考复习
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（1）动词辨析
partir, sortir, quitter和laisser
The verbs partir, sortir, quitter and laisser all mean ’to leave’ in English, but they have distinguishing nuances and uses in French. An important distinction among these verbs is the idea of transitivity.Partir and sortir are intransitive in this context; they do not take a
direct object (but may be followed by a prepositional phrase). On the other hand, quitter and laisser are transitive; they take a direct object in a sentence.
1. partir（离开去某地）
Partir is an irregular -ir verb that conveys the particular meaning of ’leaving with the intention of going somewhere.’ It is often followed by the preposition pour.（partir常后跟介词pour）
Joe-Bob: Je pars pour College Station.
Joe-Bob: I am leaving for College Station.
2. sortir（出去）
Sortir is an irregular -ir verb that conveys the particular meaning of ’going out or to exit from an enclosed space.’ It is often followed by the preposition de.（sortir常后跟介词de）
Bette: Je vais sortir ce soir. Bette: I’m going to go out tonight.
Corey sort de sa chambre sans fermer la porte.
Corey goes out of his room without locking the door.
3. quitter（离开某人或某地）
Quitter is a regular -er verb that is used when ’leaving someone or someplace.’
Tammy quitte la maison à 8 heures chaque matin.
Tammy leaves the house at 8 o’clock every morning.
Rita quitte son mari. Rita is leaving her husband.
Note that quitter is a transitive verb, that is, it always takes a direct object: son mari or la maison in the examples above. Sortir is usually intransitive (no object), and needs the preposition de to express the idea of leaving from somewhere.
4. laisser（留下某人或某物）
Laisser is a regular -er verb that means ’to leave something or someone behind.’
Rita: Les gosses laissent leurs jouets partout.
Rita: The kids leave their toys everywhere.
Et toi, bon à rien, laisse-moi tranquille. Quelle vie de chien!
And you, good-for-nothing, leave me alone! What a dog’s life!
对话
Consider the following dialogue:
Tammy fait un cauchemar:
Tammy has a nightmare:
Tex: Tammy, je pars maintenant pour la France. Je rentre à Lyon.
Tex: Tammy, I’m leaving now for France. I’m going back to Lyon.
Tammy: Tu me quittes mon chéri?
Tammy: You’re leaving me, darling?
Tex: Oui, Tammy c’est fini.
Tex: Yes, Tammy, it’s over.
Tammy: Mais non! Tammy: But, no!
Tex sort de l’appartement de Tammy. Mais il revient un moment plus tard.
Tex leaves Tammy’s apartment, but he comes back a minute later.
Tex: J’ai laissé mes cigarettes dans la cuisine.
Tex: I left my cigarettes in the kitchen.
Puis il quitte l’appartement pour toujours.
Then he leaves the apartment forever.
（2）法语中最常见的及物动词与不及物动词归纳：
transitive verbs Tex mange un croissant et il boit du café.
（Tex is eating a croissant and drinking some coffee.）
Il finit son petit déjeuner
（He is finishing his breakfast ）
direct object in French / preposition + object in English
Tex, j’espère que tu vas payer la contravention!
（ Tex, I hope that you will pay for the ticket.）
preposition + object in French / direct object in English
Joe-Bob téléphone à Tex.
Here are examples of such verbs. These are discussed more fully with
indirect objects and indirect object pronouns.
obéir à, to obey répondre à, to answer
pardonner à, to pardon, to forgive résister à, to resist
rendre visite à, to visit (someone) ressembler à, to resemble
renoncer à,
to give up, renounce
téléphoner à
to telephone
stated and implied objects
For many transitive verbs, in both French and English, the object is sometimes implied or understood. Do not be concerned about labelling these verbs, since the meaning will be clear from the context; and, like most verbs, they will form their passé composé with avoir.
transitive verb / implied object transitive verb / stated object En voiture, Joe-Bob chante toujours. (Joe-Bob always sings in the car.) En voiture, Joe-Bob chante toujours Freebird. (Joe-Bob always sings Freebird in the car.) Il parle fort. (He talks loudly.) Il parle anglais. (He speaks English.) Il rêve. (He dreams.) Il rêve de hamburgers et de filles. (He dreams of hamburgers and girls.) Il grignotte tout le temps. (He snacks all the time.) Il grignotte des cacahouettes. (He snacks on peanuts.)
intransitive verbs
Perhaps you have already seen verbs which use être to form the passé composé. These être verbs (aller, arriver, partir, sortir, etc.) are the most frequent intransitive verbs and they are summarized in the Alamo d’être. Etre verbs are often described as verbs of motion, but it’s
important to note that there are many other intransitive verbs of motion which use the auxiliary avoir, for example, ’marcher’ (to walk) and ’courir’ (to run): ’Tex a marché vite. Les enfants de Rita ont couru.’
transitive or intransitive
Some verbs may be either transitive or intransitive. Contrast the following verbs. Note that the verb sortir uses the auxiliary verb être in the passé composé as an intransitive verb, but avoir in the passé composé when it is used transitively.
intransitive / no object transitive / used with an object
Le week-end passé, Joe-Bob est sorti. (Last weekend Joe-Bob went out.) Le week-end passé, Joe-Bob a sorti son beau camion. (Last weekend Joe-Bob took out his fine truck.)
Au commissariat, la tension de Joe-Bob monte. (At the police station Joe-Bob’s blood pressure goes up.) Joe-Bob monte l’escalier. (Joe-Bob goes up the stairs.)
There are several cases where a verb which may be transitive or intransitive in English must be translated by two different verbs in French:’to return’ (retourner, rendre), ’to leave’ partir, laisser, quitter).
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2010/2/2 14:08:22（4777）
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2010/2/2 14:08:22/4777 |
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